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Volcanic Eruptions

Water in volcanic glass: From volcanic degassing to secondary hydration

Volcanic glass is deposited with trace amounts (0.1–0.6 wt.%) of undegassed magmatic water dissolved in the glass. After deposition, meteoric water penetrates into the glass structure mostly as molecular H2O. Due to the lower dD (‰) values of non-tropical meteoric waters and the 30‰ offset between volcanic glass and environmental water during hydration, secondary water imparts lighter hydrogen ...

Minerals in Volcanic Ash 1: Primary Minerals and Volcanic Glass

Volcanic ash is fragments of magma, and consists of minerals and volcanic glass. These materials in the ash can provide important information on the nature of the magma, because chemical compositions of magma usually show distinct features in each volcano, and because assemblages and compositions of minerals reflect their host melt. Using assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals and gl...

Indonesian volcanic emissions

Atmospheric transport and deposition of Indonesian volcanic emissions M. A. Pfeffer, B. Langmann, and H.-F. Graf Department of the Atmosphere in the Earth System, Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Received: 6 September 2005 – Accepted: 8 October 2005 – Published: 21 November 2005 Correspondence to: M. A. Pfeffe...

Volcanic Action and Disease

This essay obtained the Parkin Price of ?100 of the Royal College of Physicians. It is written by Dr. Johnston-Lavis, who describes himself as a late Professor of Vulcanology in Naples University, and his experience of volcanoes, living in the neighbourhood of Vesuvius is considerable. Many ills have from time immemorial been attributed to volcanic action, but the eternal fallacy of post hoc pr...